Speak to the individual as well as to the institution: Change is a personal journey as well as an institutional one. It truly does happen one person and one team at a time. Individuals (or teams of individuals) need to know how their work will change, what is expected of them during and after the change program, how they will be measured, and what success or failure will mean for them.

Be honest and as explicit as possible. People will react to what they see and hear around them. Involve people in the change process. Provide highly visible rewards (e.g. promotion or recognition) as dramatic reinforcement for embracing change. Sanctioning or removing people standing in the way of change reinforces the institution’s commitment.